Flooding caused by storms and hurricanes poses significant health risks beyond the immediate danger of rising water levels. Even after floodwaters recede, residents face potential exposure to a variety of hazards, including contaminated water, infectious diseases, physical injuries, and mental health challenges.
Hidden Dangers in Floodwaters
Floodwaters are far from just rainwater. They often contain harmful contaminants such as sewage, bacteria, and chemicals. Sharp objects like glass or metal can also be hidden beneath the murky surface, creating risks of cuts and injuries.
Contact with sewage-contaminated water can cause skin irritations such as boils and rashes, especially on areas of the body submerged for extended periods. Environmentalist Wilma Subra highlights that even minor cuts or scrapes can serve as entry points for dangerous bacteria and viruses. Additionally, chemicals in the floodwater can lead to rashes, and in some cases, cause burns on the skin or eyes.
Disease Risks from Floodwater Exposure
Floodwater carries a high risk of disease, particularly in areas where sanitation systems are compromised. While diseases like cholera and typhoid are uncommon in the UK, contact with contaminated water can still result in stomach illnesses, diarrhoea, or other infections. The World Health Organization (WHO) has documented various cases of disease outbreaks following major floods worldwide, although the risk of a large-scale epidemic in developed countries is considered low.
Drinking water can also be compromised by floodwaters. Private wells and municipal water supplies may become contaminated, leading to gastrointestinal problems. Health authorities often recommend boiling water before consumption until the water is declared safe.
Hazards During Cleanup
Once floodwaters recede, the process of cleaning up can introduce additional health risks. Mould thrives in damp, warm environments and can trigger allergies and exacerbate asthma, especially in flood-hit homes. The CDC advises wearing rubber boots, gloves, and a mask while cleaning, and to avoid direct contact with items that have been submerged.
Cleaning and disinfecting are crucial steps in minimising the health risks posed by flood-damaged properties. Surfaces that have been in contact with floodwater, such as walls, floors, and countertops, should be thoroughly cleaned with soap and disinfected with a bleach solution. Clothing and fabrics exposed to floodwater should be washed in hot water, and any food or medication that may have come into contact with floodwater should be discarded.
Dangers from Standing Water: Insects, Animals, and Electrocution
Standing water left behind after floods creates a breeding ground for mosquitoes, increasing the risk of diseases like West Nile virus. Residents in flood-affected areas should take precautions by wearing long-sleeved clothing and using mosquito repellent with DEET.
Additionally, displaced wildlife such as snakes, rodents, and insects may seek shelter in damaged structures. The presence of these animals can pose further dangers, making it essential to approach debris and flood-damaged areas with caution.
Electrocution is another serious risk, especially in areas where power lines may have fallen or underground cables remain submerged. Floodwater can become electrically charged, increasing the risk for anyone coming into contact with it.
The Mental Health Impact of Flooding
While physical health concerns are evident, the mental health impact of floods is often overlooked. The stress of surviving a natural disaster, combined with the emotional toll of losing property and facing an uncertain future, can trigger anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Experts recommend seeking emotional support and counselling after a natural disaster. Strong social bonds with family, friends, and colleagues can play a vital role in the recovery process. Those struggling with prolonged mental health challenges may benefit from professional help, such as the Disaster Distress Helpline, which provides free emotional support in the UK.
Mental health crises following floods have been linked to an increased risk of suicide. The 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline offers 24-hour support and connects individuals with local mental health resources.
Conclusion
Floods leave behind a myriad of hidden dangers—ranging from contaminated water to physical hazards and mental health crises. Addressing both the immediate and long-term health risks is essential for the safety and well-being of affected communities. Ensuring clean water, disinfecting flood-damaged items, and seeking emotional support are all critical steps to prevent the far-reaching health consequences of flooding.
For those struggling with mental health in the aftermath of a disaster, the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline offers a vital resource to help people navigate the challenging road to recovery.
